numerical study of hydro-magnetic nanofluid mixed convection in a square lid-driven cavity heated from top and cooled from bottom

in the present research mixed convection flow through a copper-water nanofluid in a driven cavity in the presence of magnetic field is investigated numerically. the cavity is heated from top and cooled from bottom while its two vertical walls are insulated. the governing equations including continuity, n-s and energy equations are solved over a staggered grid system. the study is conducted for grashof number103 to 105, hartmann number 0 to 100 and volume fraction number  0 to 5% while reynolds number is fixed at 100. hamilton–crosser and brinkman models have estimated effective thermal conductivity and effective viscosity of nanofluid, respectively. it is observed that magnetic field has unconstructive effect on heat transfer process whereas nanoparticles increase heat transfer rate.